2012년 6월 18일 월요일

Music of Turkey

Music of Turkey




Turkish Music



Various aspects of West Asia are summarized in Turkey's music.And, Turkey's music have free rhythms and fixed rhythms.
Instruments of Turkey's music are 'Kamanja', 'Kanun', and 'Saz'.




 


This is 'Kamanja'.
In Turkey, it is called 'Keman'.
The body shape looks like coconut.






Next is 'Kanun'.
How to play this instrument is strum the stringssuch as a 'Geomungo' and 'Gayageum'.
Geomungo and Gayageum are Korean traditional musical instruments.




 


And last, this is Saz. It has many names.
It is called 'Baglama', 'Bozuq', and 'Buzuq' etc.
It looks like a guitar.
How to play Saz is the same as a guitar.




Also, Military music of Osman Turkey age have an effect on Turkey's music and Europe music after.



The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and has many copies and references of Byzantine music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music, Balkan music, as well as more modern European and American popular music influences.
Turkey is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and is a crossroad of cultures from across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, and South and Central Asia.

The roots of traditional music in Turkey spans across centuries to a time when the Seljuk Turks colonized Anatolia and Persia in the 11th century and contains elements of both Turkic and pre-Turkic influences. Much of its modern popular music can trace its roots to the emergence in the early 1930s drive for Westernization.

With the assimilation of immigrants from various regions the diversity of musical genres and musical instrumentation also expanded. Turkey has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of Greek, Armenian, Music of Albania, Polish, Azeri and Jewish communities, among others.

Many Turkish cities and towns have vibrant local music scenes which, in turn, support a number of regional musical styles.

Despite this however, western-style pop music lost popularity to arabesque in the late 70s and 80s, with even its greatest proponents Ajda Pekkan and Sezen Aksu falling in status.
It became popular again by the beginning of the 1990s, as a result of an opening economy and society.
With the support of Aksu, the resurging popularity of pop music gave rise to several international Turkish pop stars such as Tarkan and Sertab Erener.

The late 1990s also saw an emergence of underground music producing alternative Turkish rock, electronica, hip-hop, rap and dance music in opposition to the mainstream corporate pop and arabesque genres,
which many believe have become too commercial.





Lee Seulbasenna

Religion of Turkey

Religion of Turkey




Islam



Religiously, Turkey has freedom of religion.
But, 99% people of Turkey are the Sunni Muslims.
So actually Turkey is nation of Islam.



This muslim is comprised of Sunni, Alevi, Shia, and Imamite.
Imamite is an offshoot of Shia.


Percentage of these is,

Sunni is 85~90%,
Alevi is 10~15%,
and Shia and Imamite are 5~10%.


On constitutional law, Turkey assure constitutional freedom of religion,
but on effective law
, all religions are banned act of propagation actually.



Turkey is officially a secular country with no official religion since the constitutional amendment in 1924 and later strengthened in the Kemalist Ideology, alongside the Ataturk's reforms and the appliance of laicite by Atatürk at the end of 1937.

However, currently all public schools from elementary to high school hold mandatory religion classes which only focus on the Sunni sector of Islam.
In these classes, children are required to learn prayers and other religious practices
which belong specifically to Sunnism.
Thus, although Turkey claims to be a Secular state, the enforcement of secularism in public grade schools is controversial.
Its application to join the EU divided existing members, some of which questioned whether a Muslim country could fit in. Turkey accused its EU opponents of favouring a "Christian club".

Beginning in the 1980s, the role of religion in the state has been a divisive issue, as influential factions challenged the complete secularization called for by Kemalism and the observance of Islamic practices experienced a substantial revival.
In the early 2000s, Islamic groups challenged the concept of the secular state with increasing vigor after the Erdoğan government had calmed the issue in 2003.

Although the Turkish Government states that 99% of the population is Muslim, academic research and polls give different results of the percentage of Muslims
which are usually lower, but most of which are above the 90% range.
In the most recent poll conducted by Sabanci University,
98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim. Of that, 16% said they were "extremely religious", 39% saying they were "somewhat religious", and 32% saying they were "not religious". 3% of Turks declare themselves with no religious beliefs.
In addition, only 13% of Turks have a favourable opinion of Christians, and 10% of Jews.





Lee Seulbasenna

Language of Turkey

Language of Turkey




Turkish Language



Language of Turkey is 'Turkish language'.
Turkish language is included in Altai with Korean and Mongolian language.
So, it is the same word order as Korean,
and it's very similar grammatically a lot.
Turkish language has two features.
First, it has plentiful and various vowel harmony.
Second is, it is used a postposition regardless of gender.







There are many words to express love in Turkish language.

For example, it is 'Sekerim', 'Zanum', and 'Ballum'.

Sekerim means 'My sweet',
Zanum means 'My life',
and Ballum means 'My honey'.






Like this, Turkish people use the sweet words very often.



The official language of Turkey is Turkish though Ethnologue lists many minority languages some of which are spoken by large numbers of people.

According to Article 42 of the Constitution of Turkey:

No language other than Turkish shall be taught as a mother tongue to Turkish citizens at any institutions of training or education. Foreign languages to be taught in institutions of training and education and the rules to be followed by schools conducting training and education in a foreign language shall be determined by law. The provisions of international treaties are reserved.

This provision has been criticized by Human Rights Watch who claim that ethnic minorities face restrictions in the use of their languages. They further observe that "The Turkish government accepts the language rights of the Jewish, Greek and Armenian minorities as being guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.

But the government claims that these are Turkey's only minorities, and that any talk of minority rights beyond this is just separatism".





Lee Seulbasenna

What makes Turkey special?

What makes Turkey special?




"Uniqueness" 
Turkey = East + West



I think 'Uniqueness' makes Turkey special.
Turkey is a brotherhood country with Korea. Turkey is  nation combined East and West.





Turkey has something special of East.
But West has not this.









 Also, Turkey has something special of West.
 But East has not this, too.







That is, Turkey has two cultures.
I think that it is very unique, attractive, and interesting for many people.

So, I think 'Uniqueness' makes Turkey special.





Lee Seulbasenna

Turkey's Sports : Oil Wrestling




They love many sports like soccer, basketball and ski etc.
But "Oil wrestling" is traditional sports, So I choose this.



Oil wrestling is Turkey's traditional and famous sports.
It also called 'Grease Wrestling'.
650years ago, turkish soldiers enjoy this as entertainment during battle.

Wrestlers applies olive oil to whole body.
And they wearing "Kispet".


Kispet is tight short leather pants. It made of water buffalo's leather.
It weighing about 13 kilograms.

Before game start, wrestlers have dancing time.
If you want to win, Pressing the back of an opponent against the ground
or lifting his whole body sky high.

The game plays for 40 minutes. If no one win in 40 minutes, add 15 minutes.
The game ends when one person wins or give up.


Winner can get this Golden belt!
This belt is made of 14 karat Gold and It's cost is 25,000 dollars.


ㅡPakr Bo mi

Turkey's momument : Republic monument


Republic Monument is in Taksim square.

Taksim square is the most popular place in Istanbul.
This is main commerce, tourism, entertainment area, so there are 
many shops and hotels for tourists.

Republic Monument is established in 1928.
Italian architect established this wonderful monument to celebrate.
Turkey reborn as republic in 1928!

So Monument to National Republic is It's another name.



You can see many Holiday parade and Newyear's day festival.
Because It's the most popular place!


ㅡPark Bo mi


Turkey's Landmark : Blue mosk


"Blue mosk"

Turkey's Landmark is Blue mosk.
It's in Istanbul, Turkey.
Blue mosk's real name is "Sultan Ahmed Mosque". BUT we known as Blue mosk.
Because interior tiles are Blue and Green.


You can see many Blue and Green tiles in this picture.


In Blue mosk, you can see many warnings.
First, Before enter the Blue mosk, wash your hand, foot and face.
Because Blue mosk is temple!

Second, You can't wearing shoes.

Third, If you wearing sleeveless shirts and short pants,
you should cover with fabric to hide your skin.

At last, There is a 'Women's Section'.
When people pray, men and women can not be together.


ㅡPark Bo mi